The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time free essay sample

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time BY dbsw12073 Students Study Guide for The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time Like all elegantly composed books, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, by Mark Haddon, creates numerous inquiries and thoughts from a wide range of edges. The reason for this investigation direct is to open you to the same number of these inquiries, thoughts, and edges as could be expected under the circumstances, so as to invigorate your advantage, urge you to re-read sections, and connect with you in the books intricacy as you inspect it without anyone else or talk about it with others. By perusing the book this mid year, and by utilizing this examination manage, you will be plentifully arranged for the Discussion Event on August 27th! Instructions to Use This Study Guide This is an investigation control, not an assessment or test! As you read through this guide, observe the inquiries and thoughts that arouse your interest and that urge you to investigate your inclinations all the more completely. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Go through 10 minutes perusing the whole examination control, not Just piece of it, before taking a gander at the inquiries in more detail. Each segment of inquiries takes you through significant parts of the book and through entries and sections that are paramount. At that point, once youVe acquainted yourself with this guide, return to each segment in the guide. Suggested time spent on this examination control: 60 minutes. As you read the book and utilize this investigation direct, share your experience and thoughts with others. Carry the investigation control with you, alongside any notes you may have taken, to the Discussion Event on August 27. You are not required to take notes on the book preceding this Discussion Event, however you are ensured to have a superior handle of the book on the off chance that you do Jot down certain notes before you show up nearby. What's more, in light of the fact that youll be taking loads of notes during your niversity years for the entirety of your classes, you may start doing this now, with this book! ) First: A significant, 5-minute assignment Christopher Boone, the storyteller of The Curious Incident, is novel. Everything about the novel its plot, pacing, discourse, portrayal, points of view, thoughts, d esign, style, subjects, and motifs[l] submits its general direction to this abnormal and connecting with storyteller. Since Christopher is mentally unbalanced, the absolute first thing that you will need to do is to go through 5 minutes on-line, looking into Autism and a related psychological condition, Aspergers Syndrome, on the web. Knowing something about these conditions will nable you to acknowledge Christophers take on life and to see all the more completely how and why he sees things the manner in which he does. General Questions about your Reading Experience emotional reaction to the novel. These inquiries likewise pose to you to investigate how this book could possibly be not quite the same as different stories that you have perused. Peruse the six inquiries recorded here, endeavoring to detail answers, in your psyche, to the greatest number possible. 1 . What was your early introduction after perusing the initial barely any pages of this novel? 2. In what ways did your early introduction about the book change, as you kept on perusing the story? For what reason did it change? In the event that your initial introductions didn't change, why would that be the situation? 3. What made perusing this book a strange, drawing in, and now and again testing experience? 4. It is sheltered to state that a large portion of you have not perused a book, for example, this one preceding. Since you havent, the novel will strike you as various from multiple points of view. In what ways is this novel not quite the same as a large number of different books or short stories that you have perused? Inspect everything about the novel, from its style (word decision, voice, sentence structure, and sentence length) and portrayal, to its plot and organizing (e. g. section numbers, utilization of italics, boldfacing, and so on ) and make a rundown in your psyche, or on paper, of the considerable number of manners by which this novel doesn't accommodate your standard thought of a novel. 5. Regardless of the books numerous peculiarities, the writer of the work, Mark Haddon, has still revealed to you a story that has a start, a center, and an end. As such, The Curious Incident utilizes artistic shows normal to many, if not all, works of fiction or comparable kinds. [2] What parts of The Curious Incident help you to remember different stories that you have perused, or even movies that you have viewed? What shows of all books are likewise followed nd created in this story? 6. As a rule, what did you welcome the most about this story? The least? Also, why? Inquiries regarding the Narrator Describe everything without exception about Christopher John Francis Boone that you can recall (and on the off chance that you cannot recollect certain things, at that point take a couple of moments to re-read bits of the story that make you excited, so you can figure out this storyteller). Since the entire story is separated through his look, the more you attempt to see the world through his eyes, the more youll come to value the exceptional manner by which he recounts to his story. Inquiries regarding the Narrator, proceeded: 1 . What does Christopher like? What does dislike? Does he offer any defense for his preferences? 2. What does Christopher eat? 3. Where does he live? With whom? 4. What sort of school does Christopher join in? Who are his instructors? 5. What does Christopher find in his general surroundings? What subtleties and things in this world does he share with his perusers? What data about the world does he preclude? For what reason does he incorporate data about certain things however overlook data about different things? 6. How can he see his general surroundings? What may be his demeanor toward the world around him: others, creatures, his mom and father, his 7. How does Christopher comprehend his condition? What sounds good to him and what befuddles him, and why? 8. How much does Christopher change or develop during the account? 9. In what ways would you depict Christopher as a static, 2-dimentional character or a dynamic, 3-dimensional character? Offer a few clarifications for your answers. 10. Whether or not or not Christopher is medically introverted, in what ways are Christophers perspectives, disposition, and conduct equivalent to our very own portion? Play villains advocate for a second, as ask yourselves how Christopher is more similar to than not at all like us. What do you find out about yourselves when you contrast yourselves with Christopher? What do you find out about your reality when you see the world through Christophers eyes? 11. How might this story change on the off chance that we didnt have a first-individual storyteller however had rather, state, a third-individual omniscient storyteller? Different Characters 1 . Who are different characters whom Christopher talks about or depicts? Sweep through the book, posting the same number of people as you can. 2. How would others react to Christopher? 3. What capacity do these people play in Christophers life? 4. Does Christopher appear to have a most loved individual in his life? Does he treat all people the equivalent all through the book? 5. How much is Christophers world inhabited by others? On the off chance that individuals don't possess a focal part in his life or figuring, at that point what does involve him? Inquiries regarding the Plot A storys plot includes the ordered sequencing of occasions inside the story. Discussing the plot of a story, too, frequently can't happen without discussing the characters in the story that give the plot its shape or without talking about the storyteller ho discloses to us the story. At long last, we can have plots and sub-plots, the last of which might be uncovered as the essential plot unfurls. 1 . What is the plot of this story? What happens first, second, third, etc? 2. What is the plot of this story, dense into a couple of sentences? 3. What are a couple of instances of Christophers diversions from the plot? When he strays, what does he talk about? Inspect the diversions as a gathering. When does Christopher diverge? Is there any justifiable purpose to the planning of his deviations? Is there an example to the deviations? In what manner may the deviations identify with the plot in some design, or help us nderstand Christopher better? 4. In the event that the essential plot of the story includes Christophers disclosure and tackling of the neighbor hounds savage demise, what may the books sub-plots be? How do these sub-plots get uncovered through the course of the story? How do the sub-plots identify with the storys significant plot? 5. Take the significant plot of the story the homicide riddle and re-recount to the story from a non-mentally unbalanced people perspective. By what means may the plot change? 23 inquiries concerning the story follow underneath. They take you from page 1 of the novel as far as possible. These inquiries concentrate on key occasions in the plot, on ertain diversions in the story, on specific characters (particularly Christopher), on the books style, on a portion of the books exchange, and on significant cooperations among Christopher and others. Peruse the entirety of the inquiries, if conceivable, surrounding a few eight to ten inquiries that intrigue you. In what manner may you answer a portion of these inquiries? 1. Peruse the principal section of the novel (p. 1). What do you find out about Christopher by perusing this entry? What do you find out about what is essential to him? How can he see things? In what capacity may he be not quite the same as you, or even the equivalent? What ind of account style portrays this section? 2. For what reason does Christopher destroy the bit of paper that Siobhan[3] has drawn for him (p. 3)? 3. Inspect the commentary on p. 5 of the book. When does Christopher use commentaries? Page 8 additionally has a case of numbered records, and page 53 has a case of boldface. When does Christopher resort to such increases or twists in his narrating? What do these text style changes, records, etc, educate us regarding this storyteller? . Christopher gives knowledge into his conduct on p. 7 when he starts to squeeze his temple on the ground, overlooking the cop. In any case, the police officer doesn't have the

Essay --

B12 Deficiency What is Vitamin B12 Deficiency Nutrient B12 insufficiency limits selenium methylation and discharge bringing about higher tissue selenium levels and ensuing harmfulness. It happens in individuals whose stomach related frameworks don't sufficiently retain the nutrient from the nourishments they eat. By and large, they expend not exactly a large portion of the grown-up nutrient B12 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) while severe veggie lovers (who don't eat any creature items, including meat, eggs, or milk) are at a considerably more serious hazard. Nutrient B12 is significant since it works with the nutrient folate to make the body’s hereditary material and help keep levels of the amino corrosive homocysteine under tight restraints which assists with diminishing coronary illness hazard. It is likewise fundamental in the creation of red platelets which help oxygen through the blood to the body’s tissues. Life Extension gives offers some of selenium supplements. Infants who are conceived of guardians w ith low selenium and nutrient B12 rich nourishments are in danger of iron deficiency. Reasons for Vitamin B12 Deficiency Selenium is a...

What is Reseller Hosting

What is Reseller Hosting Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!What is Reseller Hosting?Updated On 19/02/2020Author : Mudita JhaTopic : Web HostingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2EAdDSN CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAs the name suggests, Reselling means to sell again, that is, selling a service or a product to the end user or the public, and making sure that you make a good profit out of it as an authorized dealer.Talking about a website’s success, the type of web hosting used for the website can act as a huge part of it. The right hosting package enables you to maximize the resources available to you to help you effectively promote the website on the internet. Reseller hosting has come out to be an effective way to make money as the demand for web host companies is on the rise.Mostly large companies are the ones that sign-up with hosting providers and then lease the services to the smaller scale companies. 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Factors like quality of service(QoS), performance and customer service play great roles in the success of a business and these need to be focussed upon.READHostGator April 2010 Discount Coupon IIDemand: Find what is the need of the customers, what they demand and make efforts to fulfill those demands by your services.Important aspects: Customers look for certain factors before cho osing the right web hosting provider for their website. Factors like bandwidth, disk space, etc. are two major ones that the individuals or companies consider in finding a suitable provider. To attain satisfied customers and to maintain good and healthy relations with your customers, you should provide them with the best of the services at the least possible price. If your plan provides your customers with an impressive bandwidth and a good amount of disk space, this will let your customers keep their sites up and running all the time with minimum possible lags and problems. 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Narrative Essay - Original Writing - 866 Words

The soft carpet rubbed against my cool feet as I entered my bedroom. In the darkness, I reached for the wall, in search of the light switch. I walked towards my desk and gathered some papers, bent over and placed them into my backpack. Yawning, I zipped up my backpack and placed it beside my door. I turned off my light, closed the door, and leapt onto my bed. I buried myself under the ice cold blankets wondering what tomorrow would have in store. As I was about to fall asleep, I heard a faint noise that resembled a sound similar to weeping. I sat up, unsure whether someone was crying or not. As the sound became more clear, I recognized that the cry was coming from my sister, Christine. Anxious to know what was happening I tip-toed to my door and tried to listen in on a conversation downstairs. I could hear the voices of my mom and dad. Although I could not make out every word, I was certain I had heard the words â€Å"hospital† and â€Å"hurry.† My heart began to race, my hands grew cold and numb, my vision was blurred. Panicked, I jumped back into bed. I could feel the formation of sweat all over my body. My frigid room soon felt like a sauna. Unable to close my eyes, I jumped out of my bed, ran out of my room and sat on top of the stairs. I could feel my heart pounding all across my body. I felt a sensation flow through my body that I had never felt before or could even describe. As I sat on the t op of the stairs, I watched as my mom put a coat onto Christine, whoShow MoreRelatedNarrative Essay - Original Writing1733 Words   |  7 Pages When I had laid the last of the bricks I took a step back to admire my handy work. Still silent in the catacombs, I knew I should be leaving before Fortunato awakes. I began my journey through the endless tunnels of corpses and adorning tombs. 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I love you more than the world baby girl.† He kissed my forehead as he lowered me into the crib. â€Å"Daddy don’t go, please!† I begged him, â€Å"I’m going to miss you so much.† â€Å"Munchkin I have to go, I’ll only be gone 2 days and it’ll fly by so fast that when I come home you’ll think I never left.†He huggedRead MoreNarrative Essay - Original Writing939 Words   |  4 PagesAs the light shines through the window of the wooden cabin, I sit up and stretch my aching back; I the smell of moist wood fills the air, and then I remember that it is time to work on the field. As I walk out of the cabin I see my friends. â€Å"Good morning Amara, good morning Quan,† â€Å"Good morning Yelmima,† they replied. â€Å"Are you ready for your big day today?† Quan winked as he said it. â€Å"Yeah, † â€Å"We’ll miss you,† Amara said. â€Å"I will say my final goodbyes before I leave,† I reassured them. 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The Globalization of World Politics Free Essay Example, 2750 words

Wilkinson places the structure of societies in a continuum between the two extremes of dominance hierarchies and egalitarianism. But, the author maintains that the strategies to assume in particular social contexts depends on a fine balance that is triggered by differences in the degree of equality of inequality in the social environment. Crucially, he asserts that strategies born out of inequality provide the means for less affiliative solutions and likely to produce higher levels of conflict, friction, and violence within society. (Conversely, more equal societies lead to more cohesive strategies and provide greater security to individuals. ) Wilkinson shows that antisocial behavior, drug and alcohol abuse, violence and environmental damage all arise out of inequalities in social structures. Wilkinson systematically develops an analytical framework through the study of inequality and throws light on the many human insecurities deriving from the same. He maintains that inequality leads to a much lesser degree of social capital; the higher the income inequality, the greater is the rate of violent crime (including homicides), and people are content to not be involved in community life, and are likely to trust other individuals far less than in societies where the income distribution is more equitable. We will write a custom essay sample on The Globalization of World Politics or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Diabetes Diabetes And Gestational Diabetes - 1209 Words

Introduction It is estimated that 387 million people, globally live with diabetes (Phillips Mehl, 2015). According to Medical News Today [MNT], diabetes is a metabolic disorder; which causes patients to be extremely thirsty and produce a lot of urine. Diabetes arises due to high blood pressure, due to the body not being able to produce enough insulin or because the body does not respond well to high insulin levels (MNT, 2016). There are four types of diabetes; there is the pre-diabetic stage, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. In 2014, 29 million people died due to diabetes. This equates to 1 diabetic patient dying every seven seconds due to preventable complications (including complications affecting lower limbs) caused by diabetes. It is said that 20-40% of health care costs are spent on the treatment of lower limb complications due to diabetes. 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Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies. Pregnancy hormones can block insulin therefore causing the glucose levels to increase

The Christian Voyage of the Persians Essay Example For Students

The Christian Voyage of the Persians Essay A Greek myth is brought to life in a nothing shy of dramatic rendition of a classic play featuring the familiar chaos of the royal family of Atossa, her husband Darius and their son Xerxes. â€Å"The Persians† starts off with the enthusiastic supporting cast showcasing lost hope, the loss of loved ones, and the loss of a once civilized society. The audience is drawn to focus on the supporting characters and the chorus that come alive on stage giving us the explicit impression that something has gone terribly wrong. At this point, the cast has righteously grasped the audiences undivided attention to the point where the audience is at the edge of their seats wondering about what else might be in store. The storyline then takes off as Atossa, the Queen of Persia has been held accountable for all the chaos among the Persians. The Queen is incredibly overwhelmed with the fact that she cannot control what is going on, but knows she must answer to her people. But, what is going on? Its war! Throughout the play, beautifully casted characters exude an extraordinary performance while showcasing the horrors of the Persians at this time. At last, returns Xerxes, the son of Atossa and Darius admitting to his crimes and feeling justified while doing so. Xerxes feels no remorse over the aftermath of his choices. Now how does everyone react to his return? You just have to watch to find out. Atossa played by Fred Carlton was portrayed as a powerful warrior woman who used her reign of power for nurture and care of her people. He played the character with great emotion that guided the audience throughout the play. Beyond that, his vocals in the show were pitched superbly. Xerxes played by Colin Carter, magnificently stole the show by bringing in the dark and crepuscular aspect of the play onto the stage. Playing a character with such tragic and heroic flaws was a hard enough expectation, but to play this tragic hero in such a stupefying manner was completely unexpected. Let’s not forget about the performance of Josh Hansen who played the king, Darius. A ghost is what he appeared to be and just like a ghost he performed and then vanished. The scene where Atossa feels the presence of Darius is the most expressive scene of the whole play. This scene showcases Atossa’s battle with herself as she begins to unravel the secrets uncovering the truth about her son and the people she is guarding. The scene is thrilling, slightly romantic, and most definitely tragic in every sense of the word. The supporting characters and the chorus did wonderfully as well, showcasing their talents in singing, dancing, and the dramatic portrayals seen on stage. Lights were striking the theatre as the audience settled on both sides of the runway-like stage. The lights accompanied the drama on stage and gave the actors a tool to shine under. The props used were extremely creative in which they served their purpose and exemplified the points being presented in each scene. My personal favorite is the black origami figures they used to represent war equipment such as spikes in the opening act. The costumes were consistently put-together and allowed the characters to sing and dance comfortably while making powerful statements during the play. The sound effects were riveting and well-picked. Every aspect of this play was fascinating. Everything from the lights, the stage position, props, costumes, and even sound effects. This modern take on the Persians is a must-see for anyone who has explored the mythological stories of Atossa, Darius, and Xerxes. Once you are at the show, you will be in for quite a ride through the epic theatrical performances of the cast, the wonderful harmonies of the chorus, and a story told like no other. Do not miss your chance to experience the tragedy of Xerxes and his chaotic journey.

How could Wireless Communications be made more secure

Introduction Wireless communication is by far the most widely spread and fastest growing sector of the communication industry. It has mesmerized our civilization to a great extent. According to Brian Fling, â€Å"The telephone is undoubtedly one of the greatest inventions of mankind. It revolutionized communications, enabling us to reach across great distances and share thoughts, ideas and dreams with our fellow man, making the world a much smaller place in the process.† (Fling, 2009, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on How could Wireless Communications be made more secure? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The telegraph network, invented by Samuel Morse in 1838 opened the path of wireless communication and was furthered by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895, when he transmitted the three-dot Morse code by the help of electromagnetic waves. Thus radio communication came into existence. There has been a multif arious growth in this segment. Amongst the segments of wireless communication, cellular technology has been the most popular and widely accepted technology. The reason of the popularity of cellular technology is its simplicity in handling. Further in this paper, we shall discuss about the cell phone technology, our area of research. The Cell Phone Technology Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. According to Ian Poole, â€Å"A number of people worked on transmitting sound over wires. In 1857 an Italian-American named Antonio Meucci developed a primitive telephone system but, coming from a poor background, he was unable to obtain any financial backing. The traditionally acknowledged inventor of the telephone was a Scot named Alexander Graham Bell.† (Poole, 2006, p.2). Subsequently, radio telephones for cars were invented, in which there was a central antenna in each city that could cater to a maximum of 25 channels. Not many people could use this service. Moreo ver, it was a limited distance service, to be precise, for up to a distance of 70 km. After many modifications done over the years, we have the phone in its present shape. The market of mobile phones and cordless phones gathered pace and today these are one of the most sought consumer products. Cellular phone, called cell phone in slang usage, also known as mobile phone, is a kind of telecommunication that uses short-wave analog or digital transmissions. The subscriber’s mobile phone is connected (wireless) to the nearest mobile tower (transmitter). A mobile phone should not be perplexed with a cordless phone because the latter has a very limited wireless connectivity to its base phone. The ‘Mobile Telephone Service’ (MTS) was launched in St. Louis in the year 1946, with three channels and manual operation. MTS was launched by Motorola in collaboration with the Bell System. The services were very popular, but since they were limited, a new service namely, the â⠂¬ËœImproved Mobile Telephone Service’ (IMTS) was launched in the year 1964.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Simultaneously, ‘Radio Common Carrier’ (RCC) was also launched. During the 1980s, the ‘Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS) was launched that put an end to the IMTS and RCC systems. In all these systems, the phone user had to remain in a particular cell area while talking. He/she could not move out because the reuse of frequencies was not yet started. Martin Cooper and some other employees of Motorola namely, Richard W. Dronsuth, Albert J. Mikulski, Charles N. Lynk Jr., James J. Mikulski, John F. Mitchell, Roy A. Richardson, and John H. Sangster, invented the first car phone in 1973. Motorola was the first company to launch a formal mobile phone, for public use, in 1983. The model was called ‘Motorola Dyna TAC 8000X, weighing 2 pounds and a battery that had to be recharged every half an hour of talk time. The cost of this phone was $3,995. Motorola got approval for its phone from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Earlier, mobile phone was a luxury product owned only by a selected few rich people, but today mobile phone has become a necessity. Martin Cooper had said, â€Å"People want to talk to other people – not a house, or an office, or a car. Given a choice, people will demand the freedom to communicate wherever they are, unfettered by the infamous copper wire. It is that freedom we to vividly demonstrate in 1973.† (as cited in about.com) Modus Operandi of Cell Phones Now let us discuss how cell phones work. Let us take an example of any particular city. Supposedly, there will be many carriers in that city. Each carrier has around 830 different frequencies to use. The carrier divides the city into small cells which allow wide-ranging reuse of the frequency throughout that city . As a result, numerous people can use the service at the same time. Normally, a cell is designed to cater about 26 km. Each cell can be portrayed as part of a huge hexagonal grid. A tower is placed at the centre of the cell so that it covers a vast area. The following diagram will further explain the theory: Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on How could Wireless Communications be made more secure? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Owing to usage of low-power transmitters, cells that are apart can reuse the same frequency. In the above diagram, the same frequency can be reused by the cells with red outline. A cell is supported by a tower and a room that has the required equipment. In an analog system, seventh part of the available duplex voice channels is used by a cell. As a result, each cell has its own separate frequency and there is no chance of collision. In analog system, two frequencies are used per cal. Each cell has 56 available voice channels. The use of digital transmission increases the number of available channels and as such, more people can talk at a given time. A typical example is the ‘Time Division Multiple Access’ (TDMA) system that increases the available up to three times. Other examples of digital transmission system are the ‘Code Division Multiple Access’ (CDMA) and the ‘Global System for Mobile Communication’ (GSM). The transmissions emitted by a cell phone and a base station are low-powered. Low-powered transmissions have a dual benefit. Firstly, the transmissions of a particular cell are so adjusted that they remain within their cell’s limits. As a result, as we can see in the above diagram, the cells with the red outline can reuse the same frequency over and again. Secondly, cell phones consume less power which requires small batteries. This very fact has made the cell phone a reality. Inter cell communication Each c ell phone has its own typical code that is used as an identity of the owner. This code also provides details about the phone and the network provider. Following is the sequence of happenings when someone tries to call. When a phone is switched on, it first searches for the System Identification Code (SID) through the control channel. SID is basically a five digit number that is unique for each mobile phone. Control channel is the frequency at which the phone and the base station connect to each other and communicate about the call set-up and channel changing. In case the control channel is not found, it means the phone is out of range and a message of ‘no service’ will be flashed on the mobile phone screen. Once the SID is communicated, it is compared to the preset SID of the mobile phone. If both the SIDs are same means that two mobile phones of the same home system have been connected. Simultaneously, a registration request is also transmitted by the mobile phone. Th e Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) keeps a record of the mobile phone’s location so that it knows the particular cell in which the mobile phone is located and can call the mobile phone when it needs to. When someone calls on the mobile phone, it is first received by the MTSO. In turn, the MTSO tries to locate the mobile phone by looking into the database for its location. Once the cell has been identified, the MTSO then matches the frequency of the mobile phone with the available frequencies so that it can pick the right one. Then once the mobile phone and the tower switch on to that frequency, the call is supposed to be connected. Consequently, the conversation starts. While on the move, when the mobile phone reaches the edge of its cell, the signal strength starts diminishing. But at the same time, the cell towards which the mobile phone is moving starts receiving its strong signals. The base stations of these two cells communicate with each other and at some partic ular point, the frequency is changed and the mobile phone is automatically switched on to the other frequency. While on Roaming A mobile phone is said to be in roaming if its SID is not matching with the SID of the cell where it is located. The base station of this cell contacts the home base station of the mobile phone. Once the home base station confirms the validity of the SID, the local MTSO is communicated about it and henceforth that particular MTSO matches its frequency with that of the mobile phone and tracks its movements through its cells. Comparing Mobile Phones with Citizens Band Radios Until we understand the difference between mobile phones and citizens band radios (CBs), we might as well not be able to appreciate the sophistication of mobile phones.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Well, there are two kinds of devices; simplex and duplex. Walkie-talkies and CBs are examples of simplex devices. It means two people communicate with each other using the same frequency. This means that only one person can talk at a time. Once he finishes his talk, only then the person on the other end can talk. But a mobile phone is a duplex device where two frequencies are used at the same time. So persons at both the ends can speak at the same time and listen as well. There is only a single channel in a walkie-talkie, forty channels in a CB radio, but a mobile phone has more than 1664 channels on which it can communicate. The range of a walkie-talkie is one mile, that of a CB radio is five miles, but for a mobile phone, there is no limit if it keeps on getting frequencies while on the move. This is possible because of the cell theory that we discussed earlier in this paper. Components of a Mobile Phone The following are the main components of a mobile phone: Circuit board, An tenna, Liquid crystal display (LCD), Keyboard, Microphone, Speaker, and Battery. The circuit board in considered to be the heart of the mobile instrument. It consists of several chips that do different functions. The analog to digital chip converts the outgoing audio signals from analog to digital, and the digital to analog chip converts the incoming audio signals from digital to analog. The digital signal processor (DSP) does the signal manipulation calculations at very high speed. The microprocessor is designed to deal effectively with the base station and also to co-ordinate other functions. The storage for the phone’s customized features is provided by the ROM and flash memory. The RF and power section deal with the FM channels and recharging, respectively. The signals coming to and going from the antenna are managed by the RF amplifiers. The liquid crystal display (LCD) is the screen where all the information is displayed. During the years, the size of this LCD has beco me bigger and bigger due to the incorporation of games, internet facility, calculator, etc. in many of the new generation mobile phones. Access Technologies In order to transmit information, the following three technologies are used by mobile phone networks: Frequency division multiple access (FDMA), Time division multiple access (TDMA), and Code division multiple access (CDMA) It is not difficult to understand the meaning of these technologies. The last two words in all the three of them are ‘multiple access’. This means that multiple people can use the services at the same time. The first two words tell us the access method based on which the calls are split. In FDMA, each call is assigned a different frequency. An example of FDMA is a radio station. In TDMA, some portion of time is assigned to each call on any particular frequency. TDMA is more commonly used by the Electronics Industry Alliance and the Telecommunications Industry Association. The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) also uses the TDMA as its access technology. In CDMA, each call is given a separate code. Future Trends in Mobile Technology It is difficult to keep up with the pace of development in the mobile industry. We buy a latest mobile phone today and in a few days we see a newer model, with better features, being launched. According to Ron Schneiderman, â€Å"With the number of mobile phones approaching one billion globally, the opportunities for equipment manufacturers, service providers, and users are tremendous. Market projections vary widely, but most analysts agree that at least half of all mobile devices used for Internet access will eventually also be used for mobile commerce.† (Schneiderman, 2002, p.3). One cannot predict the exact future of the mobile technology, but based on studies, following are the future trends. Mobile Projector The initiative in mobile projection was taken by Samsung by launching its Beam model. Although the features were p rimitive, yet it has paved the way for more advanced projector phones. This kind of development will be helpful for conferences and meetings where projects are to be discussed. People will not have to wait for the plugging in of laptops. They will be able to view the presentations instantly. Seeing the pace of inventions in mobile technology, the day is not far off when we shall have video conferencing over the mobile phone. Three dimensional imaging In future, the architects should be able to make holographic projections of their designs. It will prove to be a boon for the designing industry. The medical professionals also will be able to do holography of the complete body. But this feature might take some time. Crystal clear imaging Today also we have mobile phones that have great clarity in the pictures taken. But in future, there might be even better options. An example is the Nokia N8 smart phone which has an eight megapixel camera and Carl Zeiss optics. All these features are bound to increase the price of the handsets, but people, who can afford, are more concerned about the features than the price. Safety In near future, we can expect to trace victims of any accident, by the help of the signals from their mobile phones. This will enable the authorities to save their lives by reaching at the accident spot in time. Eye dialing Won’t it be nice to have such a phone where, while driving, we’ll be able to eye-dial a number with the help of a display that is fixed at the level of our head? Well not only this but even projected keyboards and touch pads are going to be a reality in the coming years. Full fledge computer During the years, the processors have become smaller and smaller but powerful. So in future we might expect a mini processor that could be fitted into our mobile phones and then we won’t need our desktops anymore. 4G The launch of 4G is not far away. When 3G was launched, people thought what more could they get in a mobile. But there is no limit to the technology. After 4G, there are very bright chances of 5G to hit the market by the year 2020. The speeds will be even faster. Finger based security Fujitsu is working on a security system for mobiles, based on the fingerprints and it won’t be long enough for this new technology to be launched. This will save professionals from the embarrassment of losing company information. Download based on identity This is also a feature that is being developed, where any personal downloads will be possible only after the identity of that person is established. Eco-friendly mobile handsets This feature might not be of concern to most of us but Sony Ericson has already taken an initiative by launching Green Heart. It has lower carbon emissions and recycled plastics have been used in the production. Solar charging This is another eco-friendly feature that we can expect in the near future. Instead of the usual electric charging, the battery will have inbuilt sola r cells. â€Å"The mobile phone would appear to be the preferred personal communications device for the foreseeable future although it will most likely develop as a hybrid of other information communication technologies rather than replace them.† (Hamill et al, 2005, p.103). Companies Engaged in Mobile Technology Mobile technology has a bifurcation. On one side are the handset manufacturers and on the other are the service providers. But both are inter-related and dependent on each other. Following are the top handset manufacturers Nokia Samsung LG Apple ZTE Other manufacturers include Motorola, Sony Ericson, HTC, Micromax, Nexian, Blackberry, Siemens, Alcatel, Philips, Panasonic, etc. Following table shows the top five manufacturers of mobile handsets by market share in the second quarter of 2011. Manufacturer Percentage of share according to survey by Gartner Percentage of share according to survey by IDC Nokia 22.8% 24.2% Samsung 16.3% 19.2% LG 5.7% 6.8% Apple 4.6% 5.6% ZTE 3.0% 4.5% Others 47.6% 39.7% Source: Wikipedia Following are some of the mobile service providers in the world China Mobile (China) Vodafone (United Kingdom) America Movil (Mexico) China Unicorn (China) Telefonica – Movistar (Spain) T-Mobile (Germany) France Orange / France Telecom – Orange (France) Norway Telenor (Norway) Bharti Airtel (India) TeliaSonera (Sweden) Regulatory Issues It has been almost 35 years since mobile technology was developed. Since then, there has been a lively relation between the industry and the regulators. Initially, it was thought that forcing more regulations will hamper the competition amongst the industry. So for many years, there were no regulations. But the unexpected vigorous growth of the mobile industry has forced the governments of different countries and at different levels, to initiate certain directives for the functioning of the mobile industry as a whole. According to Cellular, â€Å"The huge growth in subscribers and services over public mobile networks has set new challenges of establishing technical and ethical standards for provision of services as well as ensuring compliance with regulations that directly apply to mobile industry.† (Cellular) A majority of the regulations have been centered on the spectrum that the federal government has channeled to the commercial wireless industry. A change in the FCC administration has been welcomed because the new administration has come out with a new agenda in order to remodel the telecommunication industry. One of the major manufacturers of mobile phones is Ericsson. According to Ericsson, â€Å"The mobile broadband revolution is putting regulators under pressure to license new spectrum. However, spectrum is a scarce resource – and distributing it on a piecemeal basis without a comprehensive plan for the whole band could lead to fragmentation and country-specific allocations.† (Ericsson) Mobile phones are controlled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by way of certain regulations. Following are the some of the recent regulations surrounding the mobile industry The National Broadband Plan – Spectrum According to this plan, the available broadband services across the country are to be expanded. According to Dan Meyer, â€Å"The FCC’s audacious plan to unlock up to 300 megahertz of new spectrum over the next five years and 500 megahertz over the next 10 years has drawn considerable interest. The plan recently received backing of President Barak Obama.† (Meyer, 2010) Freedom of Spectrum The underused spectrum that is currently under the control of television giants is to be freed. The government has already earned tens of billions of dollars by spectrum and now it plans to gain more by auctioning the available spectrum. Regulations on Broadband A Notice of Inquiry was recently passed (3-2 vote) by the FCC in order to develop a guideline of new regulations for the b roadband services. Differences between small and large operators It has been observed that certain big companies have special access to the government programs. The FCC plans to regulate such practice. The Telecom Act This act was an amendment of the Communications Act of 1934. It was signed by President Bill Clinton in the year 1996. There were two important regulations included in this act. Firstly, the internet was also included in the broadcasting and allotment of spectrum and secondly, cross ownership of media was allowed. Global implications Radiation Today we can see a mobile phone in the hands of almost everyone. Studies have proved that the waves emanating from the mobile phone are hazardous to the human health. In this regard, Amy Rosenthal wrote, â€Å"Recent research shows long-term cell phone use associated with a higher risk of health effects, so the current standard may not adequately take into account the potential effects of a lifetime of cell phone talking, especi ally for those who begin at a young age.† (Rosenthal, 2009). The following are the acceptable radiation levels for different parts of human body Head – less than or equal to 1.6 W/kg Whole body – less than or equal to 0.08 W/kg Hands, wrists, feet, and ankles: less than or equal to 4 W/kg Misappropriation of information From past experiences we have noticed that some people with wrong intentions match the frequencies and get information that is being transmitted. This information is then misappropriated and used for the disadvantage of the human race. Sensitive data in wrong hands Mobile phones have come a long way as far as the features are concerned. The operating system and huge available memory allow people to store company information so that it can be retrieved at times of urgencies. But such acts can prove to be dangerous if the handset is lost or misplaced. If it falls in wrong hands, it can be used against the company. According to an article in Smart Da ta, â€Å"A lot of sensitive information is easily accessible on your phones these days, especially with the trend of using personal devices in workplace environments. Corporate emails, social media accounts, and bank apps are on our phones to check at our own convenience on a daily basis with most of our passwords saved on each account for easy access.† (Smart Data, 2011) References About.com. Martin Cooper – History of Cell Phone.  Web. Cellular. International Legal Regulatory Issues in Mobile. Web. Ericsson. Regulating Mobile Broadband.  Web. Fling, B. (2009). Mobile Design and Development. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, Inc. Hamill, L., Lasen, A. (2005). Mobile World – Past, Present and Future. Surrey, U.K.: Springer. Meyer, D. (2010). Regulations remain Stiff Challenge for Mobile Industry.  Web. Poole, I. (2006). Cellular Communications Explained: From Basics to 3G. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Ltd. Rosenthal, A. (2009). 3 Ways FCC Rules Fail to Protect Children from Cell Phone Radiation. Web. Schneiderman, R. (2002). The Mobile Technology. New York: AMACOM Div American Management Association. Smart Data. (2011). Mobile security: How safe is Your Data? Web. This term paper on How could Wireless Communications be made more secure? was written and submitted by user Wyatt Gibson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Swot Anaylsis

Sizing up a firm’s resource strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats is known as SWOT analysis. A SWOT analysis provides a good overview of whether a firm’s business position is fundamentally healthy or unhealthy. The role of the SWOT analysis is to take the information from the environmental analysis and separate it into interval issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). Once this completed, the SWOT analysis determines if the information indicates something that will assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives or if it indicates a problem that must be fixed or minimized to achieve desired results. STRENGTHS Strength is something a firm does well or a characteristic that enhances its competitiveness. Strengths can be any of several forms: a skill or important expertise, valuable physical assets, valuable human assets, valuable organizational assets, valuable intangible assets, competitive capabilities, an attribute that outs the company in a position of market advantage and alliances or cooperative ventures with capable partners. All these forms determine the complement of resources with which it competes. The caliber of its resources and its ability to mobilize them in a manner calculated to result in competitive advantage are the biggest determinants of how well the company will be able to perform. In the â€Å"Solar Feeder,† a strength would be better product quality. This wasn’t a typical bird feeder and it resembled a typical birdhouse but it housed feed instead. The design came in two styles, â€Å"Town† and â€Å"Country.† Along with the two feeder styles, SDI produced three possible mounting options: the deck mount, patio kit and yard kit. None of their rivals had any of these qualities. The solar feeder also came with a 30-day, money-back satisfaction guarantee and a one-year warranty on parts. The feeder won various awards for best new... Free Essays on Swot Anaylsis Free Essays on Swot Anaylsis Sizing up a firm’s resource strengths and weaknesses and its external opportunities and threats is known as SWOT analysis. A SWOT analysis provides a good overview of whether a firm’s business position is fundamentally healthy or unhealthy. The role of the SWOT analysis is to take the information from the environmental analysis and separate it into interval issues (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). Once this completed, the SWOT analysis determines if the information indicates something that will assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives or if it indicates a problem that must be fixed or minimized to achieve desired results. STRENGTHS Strength is something a firm does well or a characteristic that enhances its competitiveness. Strengths can be any of several forms: a skill or important expertise, valuable physical assets, valuable human assets, valuable organizational assets, valuable intangible assets, competitive capabilities, an attribute that outs the company in a position of market advantage and alliances or cooperative ventures with capable partners. All these forms determine the complement of resources with which it competes. The caliber of its resources and its ability to mobilize them in a manner calculated to result in competitive advantage are the biggest determinants of how well the company will be able to perform. In the â€Å"Solar Feeder,† a strength would be better product quality. This wasn’t a typical bird feeder and it resembled a typical birdhouse but it housed feed instead. The design came in two styles, â€Å"Town† and â€Å"Country.† Along with the two feeder styles, SDI produced three possible mounting options: the deck mount, patio kit and yard kit. None of their rivals had any of these qualities. The solar feeder also came with a 30-day, money-back satisfaction guarantee and a one-year warranty on parts. The feeder won various awards for best new...

Final project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Final project - Assignment Example I have developed interpersonal skills and got acquainted with the practical working environment. I have learnt to use the data handling tools and techniques. My researching and problem solving abilities are also developed in the course of resolving issues and data gaps that arose. Moreover, I have developed time management skills along with gaining the experience of working in teams. The company used the services of juniors and carried out the work. The objective helped them in understanding the training needs of new recruits and identified the potentially weak areas of new candidates who join them. They are able to test new candidate on the potentially risky areas to find the suitable candidate for future job positions on offer. The data gaps and errors made during the internship helped them in finding the areas that need further attention and changes needed in the software for users’ ease. The activation of SAP PCP functionality was achieved by the step by step collection of data and data entry in the software. I played a major role in data collection and assembled it for the forecasting exercise. The forecasts were produced as an approximation of the collected data adjusted for any changes in employee related costs in the current period. The budgets were prepared with careful attention given to any changes in the employment level, labor rates and amount of extra work provided by the employees. I kept the record of the progress as per the plans and updated the employees higher in the chain of command regarding any gaps. I developed progress management and plan reviewing skills in order to successfully accomplish the goals. Any discrepancy in the plans is properly accounted for by revising the plans. I also understood the techniques to identify and account for the data readiness gap during this phase. I demonstrated strong teamwork activities and management skills while achieving this objective. The

The extent of bankers' awareness, attitude towards social enterprises Dissertation

The extent of bankers' awareness, attitude towards social enterprises business modes and social enterprises' ability to attr - Dissertation Example Major focus is placed on the objectives of the organizations. Social enterprises can be of different types. For example, a social enterprise can take the form of share capital organization, or it may be a non-share capital enterprise that is generally known to be as non-profit corporation, or it may take the form of a cooperative, or it may be built through partnership, or it may take the shape of a sole proprietorship. (Conaty, 2001; Martin and Thompson, 2009; Brooks, 2008) Very often, a social enterprise is created as a profit making independent organization having some particular social values implanted in its business activities. Some times a social enterprise is built in order to generate revenues for financing the activities of a non-profit enterprise, while in some other cases a social enterprise is simply a profit-generating subsidiary of a non-profit corporation. Most of the social enterprises operate at breakeven point or generate quite small level of profits. However, some social enterprises can be quite profitable. Everything depends on the purposes for which the social enterprises are set up. ... Second, Smallbone et al (2001) is of the opinion that the utilization of surpluses generated through their economic activities for fulfilling a social objective is the prime distinguishing characteristic of social enterprise. How social enterprises are financed: A number of literatures have put some focus on the financing of social enterprises (Smallbone et al 2001; Bnak of England, 2003, Conaty, 2001; Westall, 2001). Various studies have tries to identify the source of funds that social enterprises utilize to fulfill their noble objectives. In these studies it has been found that social enterprises generally are not capable of generating sufficient amount of revenues from the sales of goods and services for financing their social or environmental goals. The researchers have suggested that this shortfall in funding is most of time made up with grants. Grants towards social enterprises are generally provided by local, provincial or central government. Smallbone et al (2001) pointed ou t in his study that most of the types of social enterprise need grant support at the time of their initiation and early trading times. However, the level of grant support required generally varies on account of their activities and sizes. Smallbone et al (2001) interviewed 80 entrepreneurs who had set up social enterprises and they found that 39 percent of them obtained grants from European Commission, 49 percent from regional or central administration and 33 percent from the local government. This kind of funding is generally utilized to finance expenditures on capital. Conaty (2001) identified two largest sources of funds to finance expenditure on capital in social enterprises. One of them is

Conflict in the Niger Delta Essay Example for Free

Conflict in the Niger Delta Essay The conflict happening in the Niger Delta stated in 1990. The tensions involve foreign oil corporation and members of some Niger Delta’s minority ethnic groups, particularly the Ogoni and the Ijaw. The instability continued from the 1990s until recently even though there are major changes in the government structure. The area surrounding the Delta is now heavily militarized by the Nigerian army and police forces, and numerous armed groups belonging to the ethnic groups (Barrett). According to the Center for International Development and Conflict Management (â€Å"Minorities at Risk. A Country Case Study†) violence and high crime rate is a common scenario in the Delta because of the stiff contest for oil. Government atrocities with civilian as victims are also recorded in the area. One of the most conflicted areas in the Delta is Oganiland. Located in the southeast of the Niger Delta, Oganiland is a region comprising 404-squale-mile of the area. Shell and Chevron set up their exploration and drilling facilities in the area upon the discovery of oil deposits in 1957. The rich oil deposit in Oganiland is considered as Nigeria’s first petroleum deposit for commercial purposes. During the exploration of the two largest foreign oil companies, government authorities and agents forced residents of the area to leave. This government-initiated forced evacuation on the area affected almost half a million ethnic minorities belonging to the group Ogonis and other ethnic groups (Agbu). They also attest that the government and the foreign oil companies did not conduct any consultation with them and offer any damages. Despite the strong opposition from the affected minorities, the federal government supported the atrocities by amending the Constitution that the government has the full ownership on all lands within Nigeria and compensation will be based on the crops and products located in the land during the taking and not the actual value of the land. These further allow the taking of foreign oil corporations on almost all of the lands in Oganiland with the help of the government (â€Å"Minorities at Risk. A Country Case Study. †). In the 1980s, the situation of Oganiland and the Oganis deteriorated economically, socially, politically and environmentally. Dissatisfaction and discontent among the people in Oganiland steadily mounts that in 1992 they formed the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP). It became the main organization campaigning for various issues of the Oganis, primarily ethnic and environmental rights. MOSOP became the main opposition of the Nigerian government and foreign oil companies in Oganiland (Agbu). The conflict between MOSOP and oil companies escalated that it resulted to violence disrupting some of the oil companies’ major activities in the area. MOSOP required $10 billion as royalties since the companies started and for the degradation of the environment in Oganiland (Olusakin). However, according to Agbu (2004) the oil companies, Shell, Chevron and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, with the help of government authorities answered the MOSOP’s demand through violence also. Mass actions and protests started to occur in a daily basis in Oganiland that resulted the banning of public assembly by the government. It also pronounced as acts of treason any disturbances of oil production and related activities in the area. Militarization and repression rose in 1994 where in four village chiefs were murdered. The head of MOSOP, Ken Saro-Wira was detained because of the killings. Hundreds were also arbitrarily arrested and detained because of the killings. By June of the same year, there were almost 30 villages totally ruined, almost 2,000 deaths and leaving nearly 100,000 Oganis as internal refugees (Human Rights Watch). In 1994 Saro-Wira with other eight Ogani activist were arrested and sentenced to death. They are executed though hanging by the Nigerian government. The deaths of Saro-Wira and his companions enraged the people of Oganiland that resulted to more disruptive and violent actions against the oil companies. The militancy of the Oganis inspired other ethic groups to start their own struggle against the government and the foreign oil companies (Olusakin). The Ijaws organized the Ijaw National Congress and Ijaw youth organized the Ijaw Youth Congress. These two groups raise the political consciousness and militancy of the Ijaw people. They started to lay down their demands against the irresponsive central Nigerian government and to the foreign oil companies. They are asserting that these companies should have direct and concrete plans to uplift the lives of the people in the Niger Delta (Obi). Recently, armed and more militant groups like Niger Delta Peoples Vanguard (NDPV), Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Niger Delta People’s Volunteer Force (NDPVF) and the Nigerian Delta Vigilante (NDV) were organized. Although these groups were formed because of the continuous environmental degradation, government neglect and social and political unrest in the area, they are now in conflict on varying ideologies and forms of actions (Obi). Most of them aim to gain control of the area’s rich oil resources. NDPVF and NDV are in conflict with each other. Violence between the groups rose resulting to disruptive activities in Port Harcourt, the Delta’s oil capital. Supporters of NDPVF transferred to NDV escalating more the conflict between the two groups (Agbu). After the local and national elections of 2003, NDPVF announced their all-out war against the government (Olusakin). However, MEND is closely affiliated with NDV. They reached their international reputation when they hijacked oil tankers crossing through the country and nearby countries. They arbitrarily detained workers in the tankers for months and demanding for ransom for their release. Last year, they attacked various oil installations and facilities of oil company Shell that resulted to oil price increase. They also attacked a facility of Chevron, forcing the company to halt operations in the region for that year (Obi). In 2005, the central government called the National Political reform Conference. Representatives of the Niger Delta raised various concerns on the development of the region. Numerous non-government and human rights organization have also called the attention of the central government to introduce reform in the region. There are proposals to divide the region into two, Eastern Niger Delta and Western Niger Delta, to make developmental projects easier to implement (Taylor). The ventral government should also convert new states in the region with at least one city in every state. Taylor (2007) said that federal offices and ministries should also set-up their branches in the region to make government services more accessible to ethnic minorities in the region. The government is also urged to enact legislations compelling oil companies to implement developmental projects in their host communities and strictly follow environmental laws. International civil society groups have also suggested that the central government implement policies to have more transparency in the revenues and fiscal matters on the oil industries. The Washington-based Human Rights Watch (2002) also strongly recommends that state security forces should be investigated and persecuted on their abuses on the civilians in the region (p. 5). The conflict in the region is already decade-old and seems will never end. The Nigerian government should seriously implement reforms and developmental projects in the region to alleviate poverty among its people. The more delay on these developments needed, the more people will be agitated to join the armed resistance fueled by inequality among the oil company and the ethnic minorities of the Niger Delta. Works Cited: Agbu, Osita. (2004). Ethnic Militias and the Threat to Democracy in Post-Transition Nigeria. Uppsala: Nordic African Institue. Barrett, Ejiroghene. â€Å"Why the Troubles in the Niger Delta. † New African 456 (2006): 40-45 â€Å"Minorities at Risk. A Country Case Study. † 2 April 2009. Center fro International Development and Conflict Management. http://cidcm. umd. edu. Olusakin, Ayoka Mopelala. â€Å"Peace in the Niger Delta: Economic Development and the Politics of Dependence on Oil. † International Journal on World Peace 23 (2006): 3 Obi, Cyril (1997). Globalization and Local Resistance: The Case of the Ogoni versus Shell. Ibadan: University of Ibadan. Obi, Cyril (2001). The Changing Forms of Identity Politics in Nigeria under Economic Adjustment: The Case of the Oil Minorities Movement of the Niger Delta. Uppsala: Nordic African Institute. Taylor, Darren. â€Å"Niger Delta and Lack of Infrastructure: Major Issues in Nigeria Elections. † Voice of America. 22 March 2007. 2 April 2009 http://www. voanews. com/english/ archive/2007-03/Niger-Delta-Conflict-and-Lack-of-Infrastructure-Major-Issues-in-Nigeria-Elections. cfm â€Å"The Niger Delta: No Democratic Dividend. † October 2002. Human Rights Watch. 2 April 2009. http://www. hrw. org/legacy/reports/2002/nigeria3/nigerdelta. pdf

The Nuclear Family is No Longer the Norm in Modern Britain :: Sociology

In this essay, I am going to be talking about nuclear families not being the norm anymore. A nuclear family is a family that consists of the mother, father and the child/children. A heterosexual relationship between the mother and father, which would be based on love and compassion. The mother’s role includes cooking for the family and looking after the children. The father’s role includes providing for the family and acting as a role model towards the children. The children are offspring of both the mother and the father. Years ago, nuclear families were the norm in Britain. It was required that the relationship between a couple should be armoured by marriage. Although this point isn’t really believed anymore, some people still follow it-e.g. -Christians believe that couples should get married before they have any sort of sexually relationship, or even children. If your family wasn’t nuclear, you were considered as different to the society. You would even be treated differently. Not having a nuclear family would be a single mother with children, or a single father with children (though in some cases the adult could be a widow/widower). Another way of not being a nuclear family would even be being single/not married! In those days they used the word spinster for single women. (The word is not really used today, as it can be offensive to single women, although some cultures still choose to use it.) Nowadays, nuclear families are NOT the norm AT ALL. In fact, there are so many different types of families. There are single parent families, adopted families (where the child/children has been adopted), foster families (where the child/children has been fostered), gay and lesbian families, reconstituted (otherwise known as stepfamilies) and many many more. Personally, I think that the reason why nuclear families are no longer the norm in modern Britain is because of the different ways of life people have and the different views to life that people have. For example, single people could decide to have a child and not

Imperialism and Colonization Essay

Colonization and imperialism are inherently associated with an economic model that is meant to boost the economy of the colonizing power (herein referred to as benefactor state) by providing target market for manufactured goods and source of raw materials. During the twentieth century most colonies gained independence or autonomy resulting in a disruption of the economic model associated with colonization and imperialism. A current trend is globalization which necessitates a complete reversal of the economic role of states. The role has changed from serving as a market for the benefactor state to manufacturing products using inexpensive labor that are then sold back to the benefactor state. Many states (particularly in Africa) have not been able to adjust to this change and have, thus, been caught between colonization and globalization without strong economic ties to other nations. To minimize conflict within a state and between states, the respective nations must have ties that are strong enough to transcend national boundaries. This is evident when examining global trends such as colonization and globalization which tend to focus nations that would normally be at odds on a common goal. In the case of colonization, natives of occupied territories are inclined to unite against the occupying power. A current trend towards globalization has forced nations to unite because of an increased economic dependence between states. The claim (albeit untrue) that there has never been a war between two countries having McDonalds underscores the importance of economic ties that can transcend national boundaries. A History of Imperialism and Colonization During the height of colonialism, Britain controlled over a quarter of the land and one third of the population. Combined, Britain and eight other European countries controlled approximately 84% of the earth’s surface. (Conklin: 1) What factors allowed Europeans to exert such a strong influence on other parts of the world? More importantly, what were the motivations for subjugating the rest of the world that have made such a profound impact even in the modern world? J. A. Hobson describes the driving force behind olonization as â€Å"the investor who cannot find at home the profitable use he seeks for his capital, and insists that his Government should help him to profitable and secure investments abroad. † (Hobson: 15) On the practical side of colonization, armies are needed and colonization can’t occur until an industrial revolution begins. Industrialization requires cheap labor, a navy, a target market to buy surplus p roducts and raw materials. Without a large enough target audience for selling goods, the industrial revolution would have been stymied and Britain’s economy and industry could not have advanced as rapidly. Essentially, raw materials are shipped out of colonies to the colonizing country, manufactured into a finished product using cheap labor and then sold back to the colonies at profit. (Kollenbroich) Undoubtedly, there are other factors that motivated European powers to colonize; Christianity, national pride and civilizing those perceived as savages to name some. However, there is no denying that most colonies became economically dependent on the colonizing country. This implies that economic reasons, regardless of other motivating factors for colonization, were a driving force in colonization. In fact, the factors such as Christianity, national pride and the mission to civilize would often go hand in hand with the economic motivation and serve to conceal the economic reasons from the general public. (Kollenbroich) M. K. Ghandi agrees with that statement, â€Å"England is a nation of shopkeepers,† (attributed to Napoleon) and goes on to describe how the British, â€Å"hold whatever dominions they have for the sake of their commerce. † (Ghandi: 25) Continuing on the same note, Ghandi explains that the British view the world as a vast market for their goods. According to Ghandi, the British didn’t conquer India per se; rather the acceptance of British commerce, lifestyle and law allowed the British to govern India. For this very reason, Ghandi promotes a lifestyle lacking in machinery. â€Å"What did India do before these articles were introduced? Precisely the same should be done today. † (Ghandi 28-29) In Ghandi’s opinion, removing economic ties to Britain and rest of Europe, India would eventually attain sovereignty. Clearly, the economy plays a vital role in colonization and is a strong motivation by providing raw materials and markets to sell finished goods. The question that begs to be asked is: How were Europeans able to convince or force other parts of the world to accept colonization? The answer has everything to do with image. If natives didn’t believe that the Europeans were superior, revolts would have been much more widespread. In turn, European militaries would have been spread too thin and outnumbered. The key to preventing this lies in creating the illusion for natives that the Europeans are superior in every way and resistance is futile. The style of rule is as important as the fact the Europeans are in control of the colony. Typically the French would use a divide and conquer strategy. They would bring in French administrators and subject the natives to French culture. This was effective because the French often grouped tribes or groups of natives that didn’t get along. Instead of fighting the French, the natives would fight amongst themselves. On the other hand, the British would preserve parts of the local system and choose natives leaders. This was effective for the British because it gave the natives the illusion of a certain level of autonomy while the British remained in control. Kollenbroich) The socio-economic model in most colonies was noticeably lacking a middle class. On one hand there are the natives who are often dirt poor by European standards and on the other hand there are the business and elite classes that are continually sucking profit out of the colonies. This is somewhat true of even Europe because of industrialization which left a large lower class working in the factories fo r minimal wages. The Trend of Globalization The push towards a more global economy has several important consequences. Many states that were once colonizing powers have seen their role shift to that of economic powerhouses with global cities that serve as command and control centers for the economy. (Sassen, 4) In the wake of globalization, an increasing number of firms have centralized their business presence in the downtown areas of global cities and placed numerous factories in foreign states to take advantage of lower labor prices. The placement or acquisition of factories in other states is known as foreign direct investment (FDI). The five major exporters of capital (United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Germany) account for 70 percent of FDI (Sassen 11). According to Sassen, â€Å"the growth in FDI has been embedded in the internationalization of production of goods and services. † (Sassen: 10) This is readily evident when considering the number of factories being built in Latin American and Southeast Asian. The semiconductor explosion coupled with other industries choosing to locate in Asia has led to an â€Å"emergence of Southeast Asia as a crucial transnational space for production. (Sassen: 11) Prominent American companies have increasingly moved the manufacturing of products offshore to take advantage of more lax labor laws and significantly lower wages. The transition from colonization to globalization has seen the role of foreign countries move from buying products to creating products cheaply. The economics of intervention has played a more dominant role in foreign policy and will continue to do so in the future. For decades the United States and Soviet Union struggled to see capitalism and communism spread, respectively. The struggle played out both economically and militarily in many countries throughout the world and is important because more often than not decolonized countries would be in need of economic and sometimes military intervention. More recently, the United States and other countries have faced decisions about whether to intervene in situations such as Somalia and other African states. Interventions such as these are often viewed by the much of the public as too little too late and this can be attributed, at least in part, to a lack of economic interest in the conflict. In fact, intervention costs millions and sometimes billions of dollars which, in many politicians’ eyes, is not justified. To make matters worse, politicians are very careful about labeling conflicts as massacres or genocide because as soon as a conflict is labeled as such, it ethically requires intervention. What happens then to a state caught between colonization and globalization that has little or no economical tie to the global economy? If the conflict receives enough attention on the world stage and there is enough bloodshed, then there is a good chance that a peacekeeping force will intervene. However, the chance of intervention in a conflict with little or no bloodshed is much slimmer and may never materialize. Case Study: Zimbabwe According to the International Crisis Group, â€Å"Zimbabwe’s economy is hemorrhaging. † (Zimbabwe: 5) Zimbabwe’s economy has shrunk approximately 25 percent since 1998, inflation is more than 228% percent (Zimbabwe: CIA) and unemployment is higher than 60 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has decreased from 436 million USD in 1998 to 4. 5 million USD. The FDI alone is indicative of an ever increasing gap between today’s global economy and the economy of Zimbabwe. Any economic ties that Zimbabwe has with the rest of the world are slowly wasting away with a decrease in gold production and decreased foreign aid. In fact, reducing hours and production volume is now the norm and has led to a scarcity of basic commodities within the country. To make a poor situation even worse, the government of Zimbabwe has been directing farm seizures that have led to 95 percent of large scale farmers either stopping operations or being severely disrupted. The food production has declined by 40 percent and prompted a United Nations (UN) report that warns of the potential of famine. If predictions hold true, Zimbabwe’s harvests will not be enough to feed the entire population Zimbabwe will be forced to import food. The government has gone as far as deploying army and police units to deal with riots, should they break out. (Zimbabwe) The ruling ZANU-PF party has been systematically eliminating opposition from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). The ZANU-PF has been accused of distributing food to party members rather than equally which means that even children of MDC supporters have food withheld. ZANU-PF supporters, civil servants and traditional leaders are blocking MDC supporters from acquiring maize †¦ It is clear that some schemes have been discriminatory for months without the donor being aware. (Zimbabwe: 7) Thus far, the rest of the world has been passive about the happenings in Zimbabwe. In part, this can be attributed to the need to intervene if a country or countries declare a humanitarian crisis in Zimbabwe. As noted earlier the FDI has dramatically declined resulting in essentially no economic ties between Zimbabwe and the rest of the world. More than likely, aid or intervention will not take place without a crisis that places Zimbabwe in the center of the world stage. Zimbabwe is just one former colony of many (in Africa and other parts of the world) that gained independence and left behind the imperialistic economy. Unfortunately, Zimbabwe has stepped out of one economic model and failed to step into the global economy. This is evident in the dramatically decreased FDI and production as well as the lack of intervention from other states. Focus on Former African Colonies World War II left the European powers (with the exception of Portugal) scrambling to leave Africa. As alluded to earlier, colonizing is an expensive business that takes enormous resources and ultimately is profitable for a relatively small number people. Most European colonies in Africa were never as profitable as had been hoped for couldn’t be justified like India and some other colonies. The bad name given to imperialism by Hitler helped accelerate the process in Africa as well as other parts of the world. Due to a lack of economic motivation capable of transcending national boundaries, many former colonies have descended into civil wars and other disputes between nations within the state. As demonstrated with Zimbabwe, this conflict is not necessarily militarily (although this is often the case) carried out and may be something as appalling as withholding food or other basic commodities from a portion of the population. Countless other African states such as Somali, Uganda, Liberia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda and the Congo have had or continue to have conflicts between nations. Many countries in Africa are lacking a solid economy that isn’t dominated by a single sector such as agriculture.

MIT Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university with an acceptance rate of 6.7%. MIT is one of the nations top engineering schools and is one of the most selective schools in the country. MIT does not use the Common Application, applicants to MIT will complete their application on the MIT website. Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the MIT admissions statistics you should know. Why MIT? Location: Cambridge, MassachusettsCampus Features: MITs 166-acre campus stretches along the Charles River and overlooks the Boston skyline. Dozens of Boston-area colleges are a short walk or train ride away.Student/Faculty Ratio: 3:1Athletics: The MIT Engineers compete at the NCAA Division III level for most sports.Highlights: One of the best schools in the world for engineering, MIT also has a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa for strong programs in the liberal arts and sciences. MIT also claims to have one of the nations best college dorms. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, MIT had an acceptance rate of 6.7%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 6 students were admitted, making MITs admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 21,706 Percent Admitted 6.7% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 76% SAT Scores and Requirements MIT requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 720 770 Math 780 800 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of MITs admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to MIT scored between 720 and 770, while 25% scored below 720 and 25% scored above 770. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 780 and 800, while 25% scored below 780 and 25% scored a perfect 800. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1570 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at MIT. Requirements MIT does not require the SAT writing section. Note that MIT participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. Applicants to MIT must submit one SAT Subject test in math and one in science. ACT Scores and Requirements MIT requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 48% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 34 36 Math 34 36 Composite 34 36 This admissions data tells us that most of MITs admitted students fall within the top 1% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to MIT received a composite score between 34 and 36, while 25% scored below 34 and 25% received a perfect 36. Requirements MIT does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, MIT superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. Regardless of whether you choose the ACT or SAT, applicants to MIT must submit one SAT Subject test in math and one in science. GPA Massachusetts Institute of Technology does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph MIT Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph.   Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to MIT. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare, see the real-time graph, and calculate your own chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances MIT has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, MIT has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. Strong application essays and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside MITs average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students, and you can see that most students who were accepted by MIT had 4.0 GPAs, SAT scores (ERWM) above 1400, and ACT composite scores above 30.  It is also important to note that  many students with perfect GPAs and test scores in the top 1% still get rejected from MIT. Applicants should consider a highly selective school like MIT or one of the  Ivy League schools  to be a  reach school  even if their grades and test scores are on target for admission. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Undergraduate Admissions Office.